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Learning & Development framework

The 70-20-10 Model for Learning and Development

The 70-20-10 model is the industry's mental map of where learning really happens. Mostly on the job, some from others, a little from formal training.

The 70-20-10 model proposes that roughly 70 percent of workplace learning comes from on-the-job experience, about 20 percent from other people such as coaching and peers, and only about 10 percent from formal courses. It emerged from research at the Center for Creative Leadership and became a staple of L&D strategy.

In one lineMost learning happens by doing (70), some through others (20), and a little through formal courses (10).

How to read the numbers

The ratios are a rule of thumb, not a law of nature. The real value of 70-20-10 is the reminder that formal courses are a small slice of how people actually build capability. For decades, learning software only supported that 10 percent, the formal courses inside an LMS, while the larger 70 and 20 went unsupported.

Why it matters now

The model explains the current shift toward just-in-time learning and learning in the flow of work. The biggest opportunity is to support the 70 percent, the on-the-job moment, with quick, contextual help. It also validates andragogy, since adults clearly learn most by doing.

Key takeaways

  • 70 percent on the job, 20 percent from others, 10 percent formal.
  • The numbers are a guideline, not a measured constant.
  • Traditional tools only supported the formal 10 percent.
  • The growth area is supporting the on-the-job 70 percent.

Frequently asked questions

Is the 70-20-10 model scientifically proven?
It is a well-known rule of thumb drawn from leadership research, not a precise law. Treat the ratios as a directional guide rather than exact figures.
Where did 70-20-10 come from?
It originated from research associated with the Center for Creative Leadership on how managers develop, and it became a common framework in corporate L&D.
How do I apply 70-20-10 in practice?
Design formal courses for foundational knowledge, build coaching and social learning for the 20 percent, and add on-the-job support such as job aids and just-in-time help for the 70 percent.

Related terms

Just-in-time learningAndragogyBlended learningMicrolearning

Last reviewed 2026-08-10. Recourse publishes these guides to help learning, customer education, and change teams. Figures and product details are drawn from public sources and vendor materials and can change.